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vitalism$90600$ - Übersetzung nach arabisch
![[[Louis Pasteur]] argued that only life could catalyse [[fermentation]]. Painting by [[Albert Edelfelt]], 1885](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885.jpg?width=200 "[[Louis Pasteur]] argued that only life could catalyse [[fermentation]]. Painting by [[Albert Edelfelt]], 1885")
![magnétisme animal]]'' in animals with breath.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Franz Anton Mesmer.jpg?width=200 "magnétisme animal]]'' in animals with breath.")
![The 17th century French playwright [[Molière]] mocked vitalism in his 1673 play ''[[Le Malade imaginaire]]''.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pierre Mignard - Portrait de Jean-Baptiste Poquelin dit Molière (1622-1673) - Google Art Project (cropped).jpg?width=200 "The 17th century French playwright [[Molière]] mocked vitalism in his 1673 play ''[[Le Malade imaginaire]]''.")
![inorganic compounds]] was [[counterevidence]] for the vitalist hypothesis that only organisms could make the components of living things.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sample of Urea.jpg?width=200 "inorganic compounds]] was [[counterevidence]] for the vitalist hypothesis that only organisms could make the components of living things.")
Definition
Wikipedia
Vitalism is a belief that starts from the premise that "living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things." Where vitalism explicitly invokes a vital principle, that element is often referred to as the "vital spark," "energy," or "élan vital," which some equate with the soul. In the 18th and 19th centuries vitalism was discussed among biologists, between those who felt that the known mechanics of physics would eventually explain the difference between life and non-life and vitalists who argued that the processes of life could not be reduced to a mechanistic process. Vitalist biologists such as Johannes Reinke proposed testable hypotheses meant to show inadequacies with mechanistic explanations, but their experiments failed to provide support for vitalism. Biologists now consider vitalism in this sense to have been refuted by empirical evidence, and hence regard it either as a superseded scientific theory, or, since the mid-20th century, as a pseudoscience.
Vitalism has a long history in medical philosophies: many traditional healing practices posited that disease results from some imbalance in vital forces.
